operates tend to become increasingly

to small and medium-sized retailers, are gradually replaced by Walmart’s national and international suppliers, resulting in a decrease of about 3% in local employment. As Walmart becomes the dominant employer, workers are subjected to “monopsony power”, where the company can pay low wages due to a lack of alternative employment options in the area. This also explains why Walmart’s wage levels have consistently been lower than those of other competitors in the U.S. market, and why the areas where this large retail chain operates tend to become increasingly impoverished. This is the “Walmart effect,” a concept first proposed in the 1990s. In 2006, journalist Charles Fishman popularized it with his bestselling book of the same name. Objectively, the “Walmart effect” has both positive and negative dimensions. The negative aspect can be summarized as the “destruction of the business model”. Walmart’s low-price strategy may appear สล็อต เว็บตรง